12/22/2023 0 Comments Tumbleweed gif meaning![]() It flowers in May and June and ripens in June and July. In the Dakotas it is still relatively common in prairie tracts that have not been plowed or grazed too heavily. Historically, timpsila occurred in prairies throughout the Great Plains from Saskatchewan to north Texas. Mixed with berries, water and some tallow, the flour can be made into cakes, which when dried, make a durable and nutritious trail food. The flour can then be used to thicken soups, or made into a porridge flavored with wild berries. The tuber can be eaten raw, cut into chunks and boiled in stews, or ground into a fine flour. Timpsila has been a source of food and commerce on the Great Plains for centuries. ![]() When air dried, the tubers can be stored indefinitely. If the thin portion of the root is left attached, the tubers can be woven together into an arm-length bundle for easy drying and transport. The white edible portion is exposed by removing a coarse brown husk. This tuber, although nutritionally similar to a potato, differs in taste and texture due to different types of sugars and starches. Timpsila produces a spindle-shaped tuber about four inches below the ground. ![]() In 1837, while crossing the James River basin, Captain John Fremont refers to it as pommes des terres, or the ground apple. IN 1804, Lewis and Clark called it the “white apple” and their French boatmen called it pomme blanche. Women were the gatherers of prairie turnips and their work was considered of great importance to the tribe. Prairie turnips were so important, they influenced selection of hunting grounds. This saved the mothers from searching for plants, kept the children happily busy, and made a game of their work. When the children noted which way the branches were pointing, they were sent in that direction to find the next plant. The Lakota women told their children, who helped gather wild foods, that prairie turnips point to each other. In 1805 a Lewis and Clark expedition observed Plains Indians collecting, peeling, and frying prairie turnips. Timpsila was probably the most important wild food gathered by the Lakota. Timpsila, Prairie Turnip, Psoralea esculenta – also known as the prairie wild turnip, Indian breadroot, and several other names. Teaching From Within: A Film on Intrinsic Motivation in the Classroom.Tokata: Moving Forward in Indian Education.Tasunke Witko (Crazy Horse): A Documentary Film.SD Social Studies Standards & OSEU Course.2018 Todd County Middle School OSEU Lessons.OSEU Overview & IDM Lesson Construction.WoLakota Project Professional Development for Educators.Iktomi & the Prairie Chickens, Cooking the Prairie Chickens, Getting Revenge AND the Lizard Children.Iktomi & the Handkerchief AND Iktomi & the Pointing Game.Storytelling with Duane Hollow Horn Bear.
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